St. Aposteln

At st. Apostles is a Catholic church. It is among the twelve largest places of worship in Cologne , which were built in a Romanesque architectural style. The church has three ships and is located in the city. It is located at the Neumarkt, exactly between Mittelstraße and Hahnenstraße. It shines with a triple conch system that is very elaborate in style. Two east towers were built in it and the analges are flanked by it. The west tower is opposite and 67 meters tall. This distinguishes him as the third highest Cologne tower in a Romanesque architectural style.

The choir building is arranged in cloverleaf form and has a crossing tower. This dominates the choir building and is short and octagonal. A lantern sits on the tower on top and the nave has a transept. This is connected to the west tower. A yoke extends to the tower, which is arched and heavy and short. Paul VI., The Pope , gave the church in 1965 the rank "Basilica Minor" . He declared this in the "Templis Praeclaris", an apostolic letter.

Historical

There was predecessor: to the church there was a predecessor building and it existed as early as the 9th century! However, this is not documented, but you assume. There was a pen that was present in the 10th century. The pen had an apostle church, which can also be documented historically. The construction must have been very simple. In the 11th century, however, a new building was built, which was built in Salish style. This was either at the time of Heribert, an archbishop, or Pilgrim.

Heribert's reign was from 999 to 1021 . Pilgrim ruled from 1021 to 1036. The historians disagree here. This building is called "Pilgrimbau" among historians. It is clear that this church showed west. The altar was west and today there is the main tower. This was a non -common practice, because worshipers are often aligned to the east. The altars are in the east where the dawn rises.

This Pilgrimkirchenbau in the 11th century had a role model. It was organized to the west in honor of the Peterskirche. This is still in the western orientation. From back then the floor plan was kept and parts were given to this day! Outer walls from the nave, the transept in the west and sections of central aisle walls have been preserved to this day. However, the outer skin received renovations because it was very thin. It was always renewed and the core substance of the walls has remained from the 11th century.

There is a fixed measure system, which is characteristic of this era. There is a square square and the Kirchbau has a uniform design . The building pieces were compared in East and West Polar. There is an east choir and a west choir. This construction was largely available until the 13th century. After that, the Gothic was taken up according to the French model. An architecture of Romanesque, German architectural style was created.

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A new Salischer building

The today's church is larger than the former church . The transverse and the nave got a stone vault, which happened after 1230. Before that, there were wooden ceilings in these sections. St. Aposteln did not belong to the city of Cologne. The city fortification of the Romans was still completely present in the 11th century. This St. Apostles Castle around hair width. In 1106 there was a construction of a city wall that was rebuilt. From 1180 another followed and one was built until the 13th century. A huge area could be enclosed with the last city wall. At that time, twelve city gates were built, some of them still exist. In the the city wall building, the new market was built , which took place from 1180. Another handllard was created, next to the areas at the Rheinhafen.

When the 12th century came to an end, church construction changed. The orientation has been changed, as well as the construction design. The Christian liturgy got a new coat of paint and so a west choir fell away. The east then became more interesting and the church then had a free area. This was very large, because the Neumarkt had a lot of open space . As a result, the east of the church became a kind of pad and the center of the church. Remodeling work has taken place since 1150 and the west and eastern part harmonized. Historians believe that was the same master builder at the Wer k. The construction phases have a time frame of 50 years, but this would be quite possible. In 1150 the church got a west choir in redesign. The crypt from the west choir was filled. Then came a west tower that was 67 meters high. History researchers also think that there was a fire beforehand. However, it can no longer be determined whether the fire was rebuilt or this was planned from the outset. In Cologne, a lively construction activity beat during this time. St. Aposteln was therefore certainly included.

A west building

The west tower has stair towers in a semicircular form. There are two of them and Karolinger motifs were used. There were Western Werke and St. Aposteln this still took over stylistically. The west choir was built from 1150. The western works experienced a conversion phase in centuries 12 and 13. These also received a reinforced merger together with the main room.

A three-conch choir

In about 1250, after there was a fire in 1192, started with a significant construction phase . The three-conch choir, called Trikonchos, was built. This is one of the most impressive triconchos of all of Cologne. From the most valuable manner, he is most valuable. Its architecture is fascinating and a unique example. After the war destruction, there was reconstruction work and therefore it is difficult from Neumarkt to determine this today. A three-conch choir has three apse instead of a Latin cross. These are all the same size and the transverse house in the west of St. Aposteln is crossed out right -angled. The apsids from the Trikonchos are on the sides. These are used in such a way that a cloverleaf results with the squares. Therefore, this form is also called "cloverleaf choir". This creates a central building that is located in the east. This center is a separate center, whereby the pages have the same high importance.

Recess

In the years 1802, secularization , starting from France. The apostle pen was lifted. The aura still exists in the Apostelnstrasse. The high school at the Apostle Church was baptized after the church. This is one of the oldest high schools in Cologne, the third oldest. His year of foundation is in 1860 and the church was revealed to decay. In 1822 a closure by the police even took place. The building was so fell -made that there was a danger. After that there was a renovation and between 1871 and 1891 there were extensive renovation work. In the Second World War there were serious war damage. The first renovation took place in 1957. In 1961 the eastern part was extensively renovated and the restoration was only ended in 1975. From 1955 to 1957, the crypt was rebuilt in the west.

During the reconstruction, the furnishing details were added at that time. There was an auditorium in the south part and this corresponded to the architectural style of the 1950s . Johann Werner Starck, who died in 1978, designed it. Ludwig Gies was the artist of the window band. From 1988 to 1993 Hermann Gottfried designed some paintings of the vault in the triconchos. From 1981 there is a support of the Romanesque churches Cologne Förderverein . From 2010 St. Aposteln will be a parish church, because the Pars Dom St. Peter, St. Columba, St. Maria in Kupfergasse, Groß Sankt Martin and St. Andreas were abandoned. In 2016 there was a funeral fair of ecumenism, which was held for Guido Westerwelle. The fair was sent on television live . Martin Dutzmann and Karl Jüsten held the funeral fair. In addition to the Federal President, the President of the Bundestag also came as guests.

Architecture structure

The outside building: The outer building has various towers different heights. The crossing storm forms the climax that is in the middle. Seen from Neumarkt, from a distance, you think the western tower belongs to the tower row. From there you think that the west tower is the center of the church complex. Therefore, the tower graduation of sophisticated arrangement is. It has a graduation that was arranged one after the other and is of three -dimensional nature. The Church of Groß St. Martin, on the other hand, has an increase in the amount of a straight form. In the crossing tower runs at st. Apostles everything together and this also forms the center. The crossbar has several side towers in the background.

Late romanticism with two -level

The interior of the choir of the church shows a two -level in the best version, this to my experts. It is a two -level in late romanticism. At that time, the builders had the difficulty that the structure of the outer and inner walls would be built balanced. This is because the outer radius of the apse is more voluminous. The inner radius is a smaller nature and the arch windows had to experience a precise alignment afterwards. The arched windows broke through the walls. At the Church of St. Aposteln there is a construction version that is harmonious. The same importance is important to the orientation of both floors. The proportional conditions were built in good balance. There are three niches, no longer. Pillars also exist on the inner wall shell. Their arrangement has been built in a refined manner. They were installed in the pillar , whereby there are intermediate oak to the apse. These three have a connection with a crossing with a twin gallery. On top of that, the two -level has a change, so that the center of space appears as confidently as the external building.

The Equipment

The wall and ceiling design : There is no former wall and ceiling painting and design. At the beginning of the 20th century and also in the 19th century, frescoes and mosaics were created. These are arranged in combination and painted and manufactured in Byhzantine style. The war destruction was serious and afterwards this design was dropped during the reconstruction. It no longer appeared up to date and so this wall paint was no longer renovated. It is only preserved "the good shepherd". This can be seen in the western cross ship and was once donated by the parish. The priest August Savels had his priestly anniversary in 1910 and "The good shepherd" was a gift. From 1956 to 1975 the walls of the church were white. The long house vaults were painted in a striped pattern. In 1975 the four -way dome, which was reconstructed, received new paintings. A drum was manufactured that got strong paintings. These were painted in a geometric way. Willy Weyres provided the ideas. Manfred Ott designed the drum and its four window openings. The four -way altar was also redesigned extensively. He got a candlestick that hangs. Sepp Hürten delivered the draft for the paviment.

From 1988 to 1993, the vaulted buildings of the triconchos got paintings from the open to John. Hermann Gottfried was the artist and the interior of the crossing tower was also painted with John's open to scenes. Only a few colors were used and you can immediately see the style from the 20th century. There are also critics for this type of painting that denounces that it is completely opposite the interior of the Middle Ages. There are apocalysis scenes painted in the style of expressive cubism. Wilhelm Nyssen and Karl Günter Peusquens, the pastor, provided an overall concept.

Works of art of the church

In the north of the Konche you can see a picture of the artist Johann Wilhelm Pottgießer . This is located in a side altar baroque style. The painting is called "martyrdom of St. Katharina".

Johann Wilhelm Pottgießer

Johann Wilhelm Pottgießer was probably born on October 11, 1637. His place of birth was Cologne and most likely he died in Cologne in 1683 . Other sources of writing speak as a year of death in 1690. Together with Johannes Hulsmann, this is considered the most important artist of the 17th century of Cologne.

Biographical

The painter Pottgießer is probably the son of Theodor Pottgießer, born in 1637. This was also a painter and his son was born in St. Laurenz-Köln. Theodor Pottgießer Heiß Katharina's wife. The son was christened Hans Wilhelm Pottgießer. There is a dissertation by Alfried Hirth, which says that Johann Pottgießer might also be the person of Pottgießer from Groß St. Martin Ident. This was born in the year 1626 and baptized in Cologne and led the same name. However, the author himself rejects this theory, because the reasons for this are obvious. The spouses Theodor and Katharina Pottgießer christened a son in 1634. The baptism entry shows the name "Dederich" as a first name from the father. Therefore, it can certainly be assumed that Johann Wilhelm is a son of Dietrich Pottgießer who was the painter. In 1622 this painter was admitted to the guild and in 1641 Dietrich was the official.

1656 The year was the master admission of his son, Johann. From 1663 to 1680 the spouses Johann and Gertrud Pottgießer got nine children together. There is an entry, in which Johann Pottgießer appears as a councilor of Cologne. This was the painter born in 1637, whereupon a document entry refers. It could not have been Johann Wilhelm Pottgießer, born in 1626. Because the official book marked a number behind its name, 44. This was needed to identify the council men at the time. The council consisted of 44 men. These men joined the Senate when it came to significant council decisions of the city . 1690, in August, the baptism of the grandson of Johann Pottgießer took place. He was given the name of his grandfather. This himself was not there at baptism and therefore my historian, he was already dead.

Emergency assistant in St. Aposteln

At at the beginning of the 19th century , the emergency helper chapel was terminated. This housed statues from emergency helpers, which were manufactured in various styles. The statues are the "fourteen emergency helpers" and there were some renovations. In 1898 they were re -painted what can be seen in the color versions. From 1979 to 1983 there was a new restoration.

The following table has an overview of the emergency helper statues (you are in St. Aposteln, from left to right):

Hlg. Christophorus: The statue was created in the second half of the 16th century
Hlg. Dionysius: The time is the second half of the 16th century
Hlg. Erasmus: The 18th century
Hlg. Eustachius: was designed in the second half of the 16th century
Hlg. Achatius: designed in the second half of the 16th century
Hlg. Vitus: in the 17th century
Hlg. Georgius: Towards the end of the 16th century
Hlg. Pantaleon: Towards the end of the 17th century
Hlg. Egidius: Designed in the 16th century
Hlg. Blasius: Towards the end of the 18th century
Hlg. Barbara: Designed around 1500 (actually as a Mary figure)
Hlg. Katharina: At the beginning of the 16th century
Hlg. Margareta: detto
Hlg. Cyriakus: was created in the second half of the 16th century

In the year 1450 , a character of Christ was designed in the form of the "pain man". The presentation was made in wood and Master Tilman was the creator of the presentation of Christ.

Master Tilman

He was from Cologne and this can be documented. He worked as a sculptor and carver and lived at the end of the 15th century. He had his workshop in Cologne and Tilman was the artist of numerous sculptures. This can be seen mostly in the city of Cologne and in the surrounding room.

Research results

The master was identified by historians to the 1970s as "Tilman van der Burch". This was stonemason, but today's researchers assume that it is "Tilman Heysacker called Krayndunck". Master Tilman probably went into apprenticeship with Master Arndt. This was a wood carver master and worked in Kalkar. In 1492 his death year and in documents he also seems to be Arnt or Arndt of Zwolle. Master Tilman has been mentioned several times in documents. He probably worked in Cologne between 1475 and 1515.

A certificate shows that Master Tilman received a job in 1487 . Count Gerhard II of Sayn and his wife ordered grave figures with him. He was supposed to decorate the church of Marienstatt, which was in the Westerwald, with the figures. In 1505 he created an altarpiece in the Weseler Kalvarienberg chapel (today St. Martini). In the years 1509 and 1510 he created the apostle sequence of the Church of Siegburg. The three works are documented and archived. These works were from different styles . From this one can derive other work from him that started around 1475. The master's workshop Tilman was probably a leader in Cologne at that time. His picture -carver workshop probably also delivered the work to the Wesel and Moselle. His characters were even delivered to Dortmund.

Asks to him

In the city of Cologne

A statue of St. Christophorus, which is located in Cathedral in Cologne
The pain man is in St. Aposteln
A crucifixion group is located in Groß St. Martin
St. Ursula houses the figure of a protective coat-Ursula
St. Andreas own a figure of the Archangel Michael and the Hlg. Christophorus
A John of the Baptist figure

... as well as three royal figures. These are almost life -size. There are also two angel figures from 1530. In addition, there is also a pain man figure that is home to the Schnütgen museum.

In the surrounding area of Cologne

the following things can still be found:

A Pieta and a crucifixion group are located in Hermülheim (St. Severin)
There is a crucifix in Bliesheim, which was once manufactured as a facility for St. Maria Ad Gradus in Cologne. Bliesheim was part of the under rule until the secularistation. There is a copy in Merowingerstrasse. The original is located in the porch of the St. Lambertus Church.
A crucifixion group can be seen in Großkönigsdorf
St. Mariae Birth in Zündorf has a Moon -Sichelmadonna
St. Nikolaus von Tolentino in Rösrath has a protective coat-Ursula
St. Margaretha, which is located in Elsdorf-Tollhausen, has a Jakobus figure in this path chapel
In Sinzig you can see a triumphal cross group in the St. Peter Church
Siegburg can have six apostle figures (although there are a total of eight by the master Tilman). These figures are located in the St. Servatius Church.
In Bad Honnef there is a whole group of figures called "Holy Grave". The figures are located there in the St. Johann Baptist Church.
In the double grabic by Count Gerhard II of Sayn, who died in 1493, and his wife Elisabeth von Sierch, who died in 1484, there are wooden figures. These are two angel sculptures that are missed. The angel figures are located in the Marienstatt Abbey. Master Tilman received this order in 1487.

Outside the Cologne area

Here you can find:

In Lübeck there is a mother of God's figure in the Maria Magdalenenkirche that stands.
The Münster in Essen houses a figure of Cosmas and Damian. These are the cartridge of the pen.
In Wilnsdorf there is a Madonna of the master in the St. Martin Church.
Dortmund owns a Madonna of Tilman. This is in the St. Johannes Baptist Church, a Propsteikirche.

The Marien altar in St. Aposteln is particularly . You can see this immediately when entering southwest of the church. Because it is opposite this entrance. In 1910 a retable in neo -Gothic style. The Langenberg workshop designed it retable. This was in Goch and at that time the Madonna sculpture was positioned in the center. Maria holds her child with her and the figure was created in 1500. There are twelve half sculptures on the left and right side of this Madonna figure. These were adapted in the way in style in stylistic form of the Madonna . These sculptures are a work of the spouses Henrike and Dieter Franz. The figures were manufactured in 1994. The Romanesque style baptismal basin is in the crossing in the west. This used to be in the southern transept. The shape of the baptismal tank is octagonal and its year of origin is around 1200. In 1950 the pool got a lid.

In st. Apostles is a Pieta that was probably created in the 19th century. There are sculptures in the western part of the church, at the entrance that leads to the crypt. These sculptures are very high, about 2.10 meters. The apostles Peter and Paul have been created here. Both sculptures once were at the high altar of the Eastern Konche. This broke out in 1819 and was baroque architectural style. The two figures were created in 1761. Johann Joseph Imhoff, the older one, created these two figures. This lived from 1739 to 1802 . In 2003 the church received a painting, which is very large. It is located in a side aisle in the north of the church. The painting is called "The Apostle" and Gerd Mosbach painted it.

The treasure of the church

The Herbertkelch is the greatest treasure of the church . This was designed in the 13th century and the twelve apostles can be seen on it. The church treasure also includes a monastery seal that was created in the 12th century. A Gothic style monstrance is also part of the church treasure. The year of origin of the monstrance is 1409. Furthermore, a death rucifix is counted towards the treasure, which is made of wood. Today the wooden cross is covered with silver. It has a corpus in ivory color, which was created in 1640.

The organs

The church has three organs . Josef Classen is the builder one of the organs that were created in 2015. This organ is also the smallest organ of the church. The organ builder comes from Geilenkirchen and he built a chest organ that lies in the crypt. From 1989 a choral organ, which is located in the church room. The main organ, which is very large, dates from 1996 and is located in the western choir. There was a large organ that sounded in the church in the 18th century.

Her builder was Balthasar König , who was a well -known organ builder. This built the organ at that time around 1738. In 1850 this organ was restored and Engelbert Maass took over this work. Friedrich Goll from Lucerne, an organ builder, received an order at the end of the 19th century. He should build a new organ. In 1892 the new organ was completed and the musical instrument worked with tractures in mechanics. She had so -called barber levers and 62 registers. There were also three manuals and a pedal.

When the reconstruction of the St. Aposteln Church began, the organ construction company Romanus Seifert was commissioned to build an organ. It built an organ that had 63 registers and this had four manuals with a pedal. Towards the end of the 1980s, there was a municipal closure against a renovation of these organ. Fischer & amp; Krämer, an organ building company from Endingen, should build a new organ . A choral organ was also planned and in 1995 the organ of the Seifert company was removed. Siegfried Schulte, an organ builder, took over the restoration of the Seifert organ. She later came to the St. Paul Church.

The choral organ

1989 a choral organ was built , which was to accompany the chorale at the high mass. The Gregorian choral and the hourly prayers were enriched with organ music. Even if soloists appeared or on concert days in the church, this organ was used. The community members should also be supported in services in their chants. The organ can be rotated in the horizontal. It is a grinding shop instrument, which has 12 registers and two manuals together with pedal . Of these, seven registers from the main work are on changing loops. This technique enables you to be used as a breast advertiser. There are also mechanical play and register tractures.

The main organ

1996 was added in the St. Aposteln church. In 2006, three chamad registers were added, which were still missing until then. This beautiful organ is the third largest main organ of all of Cologne. The largest is located in Cologne Cathedral and in the St. Peter Church. In St. Aposteln, however, there is the largest main organ, regionally. It is located in the west work of the church and has 80 registers. There are four manuals that are rich from c to a '' 'and a pedal that contains the tones C to F'.

There is a mechanical game tracture and an electric register tract. The entire normal coupling are also electrical. The couplel II/i can be used in mechanical and electrical way. The chest work offers swelling steps that are also available on the threshold. In the latter there are also on the back wall. In 2016 there was a lightning strike in the typesetting facility. This was totally damaged and therefore the organ received a new sinua at the beginning of 2017.

This is highly technically equipped and thus freely programmed. The paddocks and the keys can be programmable, as can the Crescendi and the register bondage. The system has space for unlimited storage capacity. She also has a MIDI recorder where entire organ works are recordable. This works at the push of a button and can be operated with remote control . The music can therefore be recorded immediately from anywhere in the basilica. Organists are able to register with an RFID chip in terms of system technology. Then you can unlock your respective areas. The Chamdawerk had an IV manual early. Today you can classify it to the respective manual and the pedal. The main organ was also integrated sub -balls, as an addition to the normal paddocks.

The chest organ

From the year 2015 there was a chest organ in the basilica of St. Aposteln. This was built by Josef Classen which organ builder is. It serves the crypt to accompany the vocals at trade fairs. In addition, it is also used for chamber music in the church if there are events of the species. The organ also has the ability to be used as a continuo instrument. She has four registers that sit on the manual. The pedal is attached and the registers are:

Ton Ocatve 2´
Flötenton 4´
a Bordun 8´
a Principal 4´

The bells

In the church of St. Aposteln there are a total of seven bells . At the beginning of the 16th century, the church had two of its own ringing. They consisted of four bells cast by Johann von Andernach. This poured the bells in 1507 and was a bell founder.

Three large bells are called:

Ave Maria
Salvator
Felix

They were responsible for the lane and were in the western tower. The AdaUctus bell was a parish community and there for other purposes. It was hung up in the roof rider of the church. For the parish and the other trade fairs there was each own ringing of bells. The pen was abandoned in 1802, in the course of secularization. Thus, the parish of the owners of the bells became. St. Amandus , a parish, got the little bell. This bell rings in this church to this day. The tastes were different at the time and thus it was considered inharmonious for the monastery of the monastery.

In 1927, two bells were cast. These were called Franziskus and Görres and the Petit & Amp foundry; Gebr. Edelbrock were their foundry officer. In 1938 there was a cast of the Marienbell. This was poured out of the old bell. All bells, including the youngest bells, were not expropriated in the last war. The Joseph bell saw the light of the world in 1983, so to speak, it is a small bell that hangs in the choral flank tower in the south. She uses the parish when someone has died. In 2005 there was the 20th World Youth Day and Petit & AMP; Gebr. Edelbrock poured a huge bell for the church. It is called "World Youth Day Bell" and Benedict XVI. made the inauguration. It is called John Paul II and she is together with the bells:

Domes
Pretiosa
Petersglocke
Engelglocke (in St. Kunibert-Church)

... the largest bell from Cologne . There is a main ringing in the western tower, which rings six -part. A new wooden yoke was built. The wooden bell chair and the Beier system in electrical engineering were also added.

The weight of the individual bells is as follows:

Johannes Paul II: 6.700 kg
Görres: 3.800 kg
Salvator: 2.700 kg
Ave Maria: 1.300 kg
Felix: 860 kg
Franziskus: 780 kg
Joseph: 55 kg

The inscriptions on the bells are in Latin script. The inscription at John Paul II. Boy is among other things: "I praise you, God. I confess you, God." 2005, on August 20, Benedikt XVI inaugurated me. On the honor of the 20th World Youth Day in Cologne. My name is John Paul II to remember a servant of God. This was slept on April 2nd, 2005.